I-Global - Premier TDI: Ibhloko Yokwakha Ebalulekileyo Kwishishini LePolyurethane
Iimpawu zeMvelo nezeKhemikhali
Inkangeleko kunye nevumba: I-TDI idla ngokubonakala njengolwelo olungenambala okanye olutyheli kancinci, oluvutha kakhulu. Ikhupha ivumba elibukhali, elinamandla, nelicaphukisayo, elisebenza njengophawu olubalulekileyo lweemvakalelo zokuba ikhona.
Ukunyibilika kunye nokusabela kwakhona: Ingaxutywa ngokulula neendidi ezahlukeneyo zezinyibilikisi ze-organic ezifana ne-ethanol (ene-decomposition), i-diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, i-diethyl ether, i-acetone, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-benzene, i-chlorobenzene, i-kerosene, kunye ne-olive oil. Enye yezona mpawu zayo zekhemikhali kukusebenza kwayo namanzi, i-reaction evelisa igesi ye-carbon dioxide. Ukongeza, i-TDI inokusabela ngokukhawuleza ngee-compounds ezinee-athomu ze-hydrogen ezisebenzayo, i-property esetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezininzi zoshishino.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo eziQinisekisiweyo: I-TDI ineqondo lokubila elimalunga nama-247℃, nto leyo echaza ubushushu apho itshintsha khona ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwimeko yegesi phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lomoya. Iqondo layo lokunyibilika liqala kwi-19.5 ukuya kwi-21.5℃, nto leyo ebonisa ubushushu obungaphantsi kwayo obuqina. Iqondo lokutsha le-TDI yi-127℃, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kolu bushushu, inokuvelisa umphunga ovuthayo xa kukho umthombo wokutsha. Ngobuninzi obuyi-1.217, ixinene kunamanzi, nto leyo enefuthe ekuphathweni nasekuhlukanisweni kwayo kwiimeko zoshishino kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Iindawo zoSetyenziso
Imveliso yePolyurethane Foam: I-TDI yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kweefoam ze-polyurethane, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi. Kwicandelo lefenitshala, iifoam ze-polyurethane ezithambileyo ezenziwe nge-TDI zezona zinto zikhethwayo ekudaleni ii-cushion ezikhululekileyo nezixhasayo kwiisofa, izitulo zengalo, kunye neematrasi. Kwishishini leemoto, ezi foam zisetyenziswa kwizihlalo zeemoto, zibonelela ngentuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko ngokufunxa ii-shocks ngexesha lokuqhuba. Ukongeza, iifoam ze-polyurethane ezisekelwe kwi-TDI zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zokufakelwa kwee-insulation, njengakwiifriji kunye nezixhobo zokufakelwa kwee-insulation zokwakha, ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokufakelwa kwee-thermal ezibalaseleyo.
Iingubo kunye neeAdhesives: I-TDI idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni kweengubo zokugquma kunye nee-adhesives ezisebenza kakuhle. Kwishishini leengubo zokugquma, ii-polyurethanes ezisekwe kwi-TDI zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iingubo ezihlala ixesha elide, ezinganyangekiyo, nezinganyangekiyo ngamakhemikhali kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo, kubandakanya iintsimbi, iiplastiki, kunye neenkuni. Ezi ngubo zokugquma zisetyenziswa ekugqityweni kweemoto, kwiingubo zokugquma phantsi, nakwiingubo zezixhobo zoshishino. Kwimarike yee-adhesives, ii-adhesives ezine-TDI zixatyiswa ngenxa yamandla azo okubopha aqinileyo. Zisetyenziswa ekuhlanganiseni ifenitshala, ekuhlanganiseni izinto zeemoto, nakwishishini lokwakha ukuhlanganisa izixhobo zokwakha ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuveliswa kwe-Elastomer: I-TDI isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ii-polyurethane elastomers, ezidibanisa iipropati zerabha kunye neplastiki. Ezi elastomers zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi, njengakwimveliso yezihlangu, apho zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okugqwesileyo, ukuqina, kunye nokufunxwa komothuko. Zikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni izitywina zemizi-mveliso kunye nee-gaskets, apho ukumelana kwazo neekhemikhali, ukukrala, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kuzenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzima.
Iindlela Zokulungiselela
Iindlela zePhosgenation zeMveli
2,4 - Indlela ye-Amino Toluene: Le nkqubo iqala ngokunyibilikisa i-2,4-amino toluene ize iyinyibilikise kwi-chlorobenzene. Esi sicombululo emva koko siphendulwa nge-phosgene kwinkqubo enamanqanaba amabini. Okokuqala, impendulo yobushushu obuphantsi yenzeka ngaphakathi kobubanzi bobushushu obuyi-35 - 45℃. Emva koko, impendulo yobushushu obuphezulu yenzeka kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-130℃. Emva kokuba iimpendulo zigqityiwe, igesi ye-nitrogen ifakwa ukuze ikhuphe nayiphi na i-hydrogen chloride engaphendulwanga kunye ne-phosgene egqithisileyo. I-chlorobenzene emva koko iyasuswa, kwaye inyathelo lokugqibela libandakanya i-vacuum distillation ukuze kufunyanwe i-TDI ecocekileyo.
Indlela yeNitro Toluene: Kule ndlela, i-nitro toluene iqala i-nitrate ize incitshiswe ukuze ifumane i-2,4 - diaminotoluene. Le intermediate emva koko ifakwa kwi-phosgenation, apho isabela khona ne-phosgene ukuze yenze i-TDI. Umxube we-reaction emva koko uyacutshungulwa ukuze wahlukanise kwaye ucoce imveliso ye-TDI.
Iindlela Ezintsha Ezintsha
Iindlela ezingezizo zePhosgene: Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kubekho ingqwalasela ekhulayo ekuphuhliseni iindlela ezingezizo ze-phosgene ukuvelisa i-TDI ngomzamo wokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-phosgene. Umzekelo, uphando oluthile luhlola ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela zokusabela kunye neemeko zokusabela ukwenza i-TDI ngaphandle kwesidingo se-phosgene. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndlela zisesekwinqanaba lophuhliso kwaye azikafikeleli ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kwezorhwebo.
Ukulumkela
Iingozi zeMpilo: Umphunga we-TDI ubeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo yabantu. Uyacaphukisa kakhulu emehlweni, kulusu, nakwindlela yokuphefumla. Ukuchatshazelwa ixesha elide okanye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo ezinzulu, kubandakanya iingxaki zokuphefumla ezifana ne-bronchitis, iimpawu ezifana ne-asthma, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, iimeko ezinzulu ngakumbi ezifana ne-bronchiectasis kunye nesifo sentliziyo semiphunga. Umzekelo, iimpuku ezichatshazelwe kuxinzelelo oluphakathi kwe (0.5 - 1)×10⁻⁶ iiyure ezi-6 ngosuku, ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-10, zibonakalise ukuba ziyachatshazelwa ziziphumo ezinobungozi. Kubantu, ukuphefumla uxinano oluphantsi njenge-0.0005mg/L kunokubangela ukukhohlela okukhulu kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane.
Iingozi zokutsha kunye nokuqhuma: I-TDI lulwelo oluvuthayo, kwaye umphunga wayo unokwenza imixube eqhumayo nomoya. Xa ibekwe kumalangatye avulekileyo, iintlantsi, okanye ubushushu obuphezulu, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokutsha nokuqhuma. Ke ngoko, iinkqubo zokugcina nokuphatha ezifanelekileyo zibalulekile ukuthintela iingozi ezinjalo.
Ukugcinwa Nokuphathwa: I-TDI kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo yokugcina izinto epholileyo, enomoya ococekileyo, ekude nelanga elithe ngqo, imithombo yobushushu, kunye nemithombo yokutshisa. Izikhongozeli zokugcina kufuneka zivalwe ngokuqinileyo ukuthintela ukuvuza komphunga. Ngenxa yokuba isebenza namanzi nezinye izinto, kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwizinto ezinokusabela kuyo, ezifana nee-oxidizing agents. Ngexesha lokuphathwa, izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo, kuquka iiglavu ezichasene neekhemikhali, iiglasi zokhuseleko, kunye nokhuseleko lokuphefumla, kufuneka zinxitywe ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokuvezwa.
Iinkcukacha
| Igama lemveliso | I-Toluene Diisocyanate | |||||||||
| Ifomula yeKhemikhali | C9H6N2O2 | |||||||||
| Ubunzima beMolekyuli | 174.16 g/mol | |||||||||
| Inkangeleko | Ulwelo olucacileyo olungenambala ukuya kolutyheli olukhanyayo | |||||||||
| Indawo yokunyibilika | 19.5–21.5°C | |||||||||
| Indawo yokubilisa | 247°C | |||||||||
| Uxinano | 1.22 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| INOMBOLO YE-CAS | 584-84-9 | |||||||||
| Ikhowudi ye-HS | 29291010 | |||||||||
| Hayi i-EINECS | 209-544-5 | |||||||||
| Isicelo | Isetyenziselwa iifoam ze-polyurethane, ii-elastomers, ii-coating, kunye ne-adhesives. | |||||||||
Iphepha Lolawulo Lomgangatho
| Igama lemveliso | I-Toluene Diisocyanate | ||||||
| IIPARAMETHA | UMGANGATHO | Iziphumo zovavanyo | |||||
| Umxholo weToluene Diisocyanate%≧ | 99.5 | 99.96 | |||||
| Umlinganiselo we-Isomer(2,4/2,6) | 80.0/20.0±1 | 79.4/20.6 | |||||
| I-hydrolysis chlorine% ≤ | 0.01 | 0.0032 | |||||
| I-asidi (njenge-HCL)% ≤ | 0.004 | 0.0005 | |||||
| I-Chroma (iHazen) ≤ | 25 | 10 | |||||