I-Acetonitrile: Isinyibilikisi Esisebenzayo kunye neReagent ye-Organic Synthesis-1
IiNdawo eziPhambili zeSicelo
Kuhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, i-acetonitrile sisinyibilikisi esisetyenziswa kakhulu kuhlalutyo lwe-chromatography yolwelo olusebenza kakuhle (i-HPLC) kunye ne-gas chromatography (i-GC). Inonyibiliko oluhle kunye ne-viscosity ephantsi, inyibilikisa ngempumelelo iintlobo ngeentlobo zeekhompawundi ze-organic kunye ne-inorganic ukuze inike iziphumo ezicacileyo zohlalutyo. I-Acetonitrile ikwasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela izisombululo ezisemgangathweni kunye nolwelo lokulinganisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kohlalutyo.
Kwi-organic synthesis, i-acetonitrile sisinyibilikisi esibalulekileyo nesiphakathi. Inokunyibilikisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhompawundi ze-organic, inika indawo ezinzileyo yeempendulo zeekhemikhali. Umzekelo, ekuhlanganisweni kweekhompawundi ezithile zamayeza kunye neekhompawundi zevumba, i-acetonitrile ingasebenza njengesinyibilikisi ukukhuthaza impendulo. Ukongeza, i-acetonitrile inokuthatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo ezithile zeekhemikhali ukuvelisa iikhompawundi ezinemisebenzi ethile. Umzekelo, i-acetonitrile inokungenela iimpendulo zokutshintshwa kwe-nucleophilic kunye neqela layo le-cyano ukuvelisa iikhompawundi ze-amine okanye zotywala ezifanelekileyo.
Kwishishini lezemithi, i-acetonitrile isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokwenziwa kunye nokucoca amayeza. Inokunyibilikisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezandulela zamayeza kunye neziphakathi, iququzelela ukusabela okusebenzayo kweekhemikhali. Umzekelo, ekuhlanganisweni kwee-antibiotics ezithile kunye namayeza entliziyo, i-acetonitrile ingasebenza njengesinyibilikisi sokunyusa amazinga okuphendula kunye nemveliso. Ukongeza, i-acetonitrile ingasetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwekristale yamayeza kunye nokucoca ukuqinisekisa ubunyulu kunye nomgangatho wamayeza.
Kwishishini leevumba elimnandi kunye nezinto zokuthambisa, i-acetonitrile isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kunye nokucoca iikhompawundi zevumba elimnandi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha izinto zevumba lendalo, njengeeoyile ezibalulekileyo kwizityalo. Ukongeza, i-acetonitrile ingasetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweekhompawundi zevumba elimnandi ezinevumba elikhethekileyo leziqholo kunye nezinto zokuthambisa.
Kwishishini le-elektroniki, i-acetonitrile isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokucoca kunye nesinyibilikisi. Ingasusa ngokufanelekileyo iintsalela kunye nokungcola kumphezulu wezixhobo ze-elektroniki, iqinisekisa ukucoceka nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki. Umzekelo, kwimveliso ye-semiconductor, i-acetonitrile ingasetyenziselwa ukucoca umphezulu we-wafers, isuse iintsalela ze-photoresist kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo.
Nangona isetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, i-acetonitrile iyatshintshatshintsha kwaye inetyhefu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokugcinwa kwayo kufuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko. I-Acetonitrile iphuma kalula emoyeni, ngoko ke kufuneka isetyenziswe kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo. Ukongeza, izisombululo ze-acetonitrile zinobungozi kancinci, kwaye izixhobo zokukhusela ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zinxitywe ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ukuze kuthintelwe ukudibana nolusu namehlo. Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetonitrile kudla ngokuvela kwiinkqubo ezivaliweyo ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Iinkcukacha
| Igama lemveliso | I-Acetonitrile | |||||||||
| Ifomula yeKhemikhali | C2H3N | |||||||||
| Ubunzima beMolekyuli | 41.05 g/mol | |||||||||
| Inkangeleko | Ulwelo olungabonakaliyo olungenambala | |||||||||
| Indawo yokunyibilika | -45.7°C | |||||||||
| Indawo yokubilisa | 81.6°C | |||||||||
| Uxinano | 0.003 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| INOMBOLO YE-CAS | 75-05-8 | |||||||||
| Ikhowudi ye-HS | 2926909090 | |||||||||
| Hayi i-EINECS | 200-835-2 | |||||||||
| Isicelo | Isetyenziswa kwi-organic synthesis, i-extracts, i-pharmaceutical intermediates, kunye nohlalutyo lwe-chromatographic. | |||||||||
Iphepha Lolawulo Lomgangatho
| Igama lemveliso | I-Acetonitrile | ||||||
| INTO | UMGANGATHO (Umgangatho ophezulu) | IXABISO LOVAVANYO(%) | |||||
| Iiyunithi zeChromaticity/HaZen | 10 | 10 | |||||
| Uxinano | 0.5 | 0.003 g/cm³ | |||||
| Ubunyulu/%≥ | 99.9 | 99.94 | |||||
| Ukufuma/%≤ | 0.030 | 0.029 | |||||
| I-acetone/%≤ | 25 | ＜5 | |||||
| I-Acrylonitrile/%≤ | 25 | ＜5 | |||||
| I-Ammonia/%≤ | 6 | 1.1 | |||||
| I-asidi (njenge-acetic acid)/≤ | 50 | 1.8 | |||||
| I-Copper/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.001 | |||||
| I-ayini/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.003 g/cm³ | |||||
| Uluhlu lokubilisa (kwi-0.10133 MPa) °C | 81.0-82.0 | 81.6-82.0 | |||||
Isishwankathelo
Ngamafutshane, i-acetonitrile, njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ze-organic chemical raw material kunye ne-solvent, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi. Ayigcini nje ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemveliso yeekhemikhali kodwa ikwaxhasa uphuhliso lweshishini lanamhlanje. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, amathuba okusetyenziswa kwe-acetonitrile aya kuba banzi nangakumbi.