I-Global - Premier Propylene Glycol: I-Multifunctional Organic Compound

Iimpawu zeMvelo nezeKhemikhali

Inkangeleko kunye nevumba: I-Propylene glycol ibonakala njengolwelo olungenambala, olucacileyo, nolunencasa ekrakra. Inencasa emnandi kancinci kwaye ayinavumba kangako, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ukusetyenziswa apho kufuneka iprofayili yeemvakalelo ezingathathi cala.

Ukunyibilika: Ibonisa ukuxubana okugqwesileyo, ikwazi ukuxubana ngokupheleleyo namanzi, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-acetone, i-chloroform, kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi ezininzi ze-organic. Le propati iyivumela ukuba isebenze njengesinyibilikisi esisebenzayo kunye ne-emulsifier kwiifomyula ezahlukeneyo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo eziQinisekisiweyo: Ngobunzima be-molar obuyi-76.09 g/mol, i-propylene glycol inobunzima obumalunga ne-1.036 g/cm³ kuma-25°C, obuxineneyo kancinci kunamanzi. Iqondo layo lokunyibilika liyi-59°C, nto leyo evumela ukuba ihlale ikwimeko yolwelo kumanqanaba obushushu abanzi. Iqondo lokubila limi kwi-188.2°C phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, nto leyo ebonisa uzinzo lwayo kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo. Iqondo lokukhanya liphezulu, malunga ne-99°C (ikomityi evaliweyo), nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokutsha ngengozi.

Ukusebenza kweekhemikhali: Njenge-diol, i-propylene glycol inokuthatha inxaxheba kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kumaqela otywala. Ingenza ii-esters xa isabela kwii-carboxylic acids, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekuhlanganisweni kweemveliso ezininzi zoshishino kunye nabathengi. Ukongeza, inokuhlangabezana neempendulo zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni phantsi kweemeko ezithile, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwakhiweni kwee-ethers ze-intramolecular cyclic okanye ii-polymers ze-intermolecular.

Iindawo zoSetyenziso

Ishishini lokutya neziselo: I-Propylene glycol isebenza imisebenzi emininzi kweli candelo. Isebenza njenge-humectant, inceda ukugcina umswakama kwiimveliso zokutya ezifana neempahla ezibhakiweyo, ii-confectioneries, kunye nezinto zobisi, ngaloo ndlela yandisa ubomi bazo kwaye igcina ubume. Njengesinyibilikisi, isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa iincasa, imibala, kunye nezigcini, iqinisekisa ukusasazwa okufanayo kwiifomyula zokutya neziselo. Umzekelo, ixhaphake kakhulu kwiincasa zolwelo zeziselo ezithambileyo kunye nomthwali weeoyile ezibalulekileyo kwiimveliso zokutya. Ikwavunywa njenge-food additive (E1520) kwi-European Union, kwaye ngokubanzi ibonwa njengekhuselekileyo (GRAS) yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) xa isetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwemida echaziweyo.

Ishishini leMithi: Kwimithi, ipropylene glycol idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesinyibilikisi samayeza anganyibiliki lula emanzini, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwenziwa kwawo kumayeza omlomo, afakwe inaliti, namayeza aphathwayo. Umzekelo, kwimithi emininzi yolwelo, ipropylene glycol inceda ukunyibilikisa izithako ezisebenzayo zamayeza, iqinisekisa ukuba idosi isetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo. Kwimithi ephathwayo efana neekhrimu kunye namafutha okugcoba, isebenza njenge-humectant kunye ne-enhancer yokungena, iphucula ukufunxwa kwamayeza eluswini. Ikwanazo nezinye iimpawu zokulwa ne-antibacterial kunye ne-antifungal, inegalelo ekugcinweni kweemveliso zamayeza.

Izithambiso kunye noNonophelo loBuqu: I-Propylene glycol sisithako esibalulekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zokuthambisa kunye nezokhathalelo lomntu. Kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lolusu ezifana nezifutho, iiserum, kunye nezicoci, isebenza njenge-humectant, itsala umswakama emoyeni kwaye iwubophelele eluswini, ngaloo ndlela igcina ulusu lumanzi. Iimpawu zayo zokunyibilikisa ziyenza ikwazi ukunyibilikisa izithako ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo kunye neziqholo, ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa kwazo ngokulinganayo kwiimveliso. Ikwasetyenziswa kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lweenwele ezifana neeshampu kunye nezithambisi ukuphucula ubume bazo kunye nokunceda ekuhanjisweni kwezithako eziluncedo kwishaft yeenwele. Kwi-nail polish, i-propylene glycol isebenza njenge-plasticizer, ithintela i-polish ukuba ingabi buthathaka kwaye iqhekezeke lula.

Izicelo zemizi-mveliso: I-Propylene glycol yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Yinto ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwee-resin ze-polyester ezingagcwaliyo, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuvelisweni kweeplastiki eziqinisiweyo ze-fiberglass. Ezi plastiki zifumana ukusetyenziswa kumashishini afana neemoto, ezokwakha, nezolwandle, ngenxa yomlinganiselo wazo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kubunzima kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Kwishishini leemoto, i-antifreeze kunye ne-coolant formulations ezisekelwe kwi-propylene glycol zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ubushushu beenjini, ukuthintela ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokuqandisa. Ikwasebenza njengesinyibilikisi kunye nomthwali kwiingubo, ii-inki, kunye nezincamathelisi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo kunye neempawu zokusetyenziswa kwazo.

Iindlela Zokulungiselela

I-Epoxy Propane Hydrolysis: Le yenye yezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zoshishino. Kule nkqubo, i-epoxy propane (i-propylene oxide) isabela namanzi xa kukho i-catalyst. Le mpendulo ingenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Kwindlela yokufunxa amanzi ngqo, kusetyenziswa ubushushu obuphezulu (malunga ne-150 - 200°C) kunye noxinzelelo (0.98 - 2.94 MPa), kunye nomlinganiselo wamanzi ukuya kwi-epoxy propane molar oqhele ukuba malunga ne-20. Nangona izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-epoxy propane ibe yi-propylene glycol linokufikelela malunga ne-85%, ezinye iimveliso ze-polypropylene glycol nazo ziyaveliswa. Enye indlela yi-acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, apho kongezwa khona inani elincinci le-acid catalyst (njenge-sulfuric acid). Le mpendulo yenziwa kubushushu obuphantsi (50 - 70°C), kwaye imveliso ephumayo kufuneka isuswe kwaye icocwe ngeenkqubo ezifana ne-vacuum distillation ukuze kufunyanwe i-propylene glycol ecocekileyo kakhulu.

I-Glycerol Catalytic Hydrogenolysis: I-Glycerol ingasetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza ukuvelisa i-propylene glycol. Kule ndlela, i-glycerol iqala ngokufumana amaqela ayo e-hydroxyl, ilandelwe kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngaphakathi kweemolekyuli ukuze yenze iimveliso eziphakathi ezifana nee-enols kunye nee-keto-aldehyde tautomers. Ezi mveliso eziphakathi emva koko zifumana i-hydrogenation phambi kwe-catalyst (njenge-catalyst esekwe kubhedu), ekugqibeleni ivelise i-1,2-propylene glycol. Le ndlela inenzuzo yokusebenzisa i-feedstock evuselelekayo (i-glycerol), enokufunyanwa kwimithombo efana nemveliso ye-biodiesel.

Iindlela zeBiotechnology: Ezinye iintsholongwane, ezifana neentlobo ezithile zeebhaktheriya kunye nemvubelo, zinokwakhiwa ukuze zivelise i-propylene glycol ngeenkqubo zokubilisa. Umzekelo, ngokuguqula i-Escherichia coli okanye i-Klebsiella pneumoniae ngokwezakhi zofuzo, zinokwenziwa ukuba ziguqule iiswekile (ezifana ne-glucose) okanye i-glycerol zibe yi-propylene glycol. Le ndlela ye-biotechnology inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo xa ithelekiswa neendlela zemveli zeekhemikhali, njengoko isebenza phantsi kweemeko ezithambileyo kwaye inokusebenzisa imithombo yekhabhoni evuselelekayo. Nangona kunjalo, imveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezi ndlela kuseziindawo zophando olusebenzayo kunye nophuculo.

Ukulumkela

Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele kwizeMpilo: Nangona i-propylene glycol idla ngokuthathwa njengekhuselekileyo ekusetyenzisweni ekutyeni, kumayeza, nakwizinto zokuthambisa ngaphakathi kwemida evunyiweyo, ukuvezwa okanye ukuginywa kwinqanaba eliphezulu kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo. Ukuginywa kakhulu kunokukhokelela kwiimpawu ezinje ngesicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, kunye norhudo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokubangela i-metabolic acidosis, imeko apho umzimba uqokelela i-asidi eninzi kakhulu. Ukudibana nolusu ne-propylene glycol egxininisiweyo kunokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa kwabanye abantu, ingakumbi abo banesikhumba esibuthathaka. Ukuvezwa ulusu ixesha elide okanye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kufuneka kuthintelwe. Xa kusetyenziswa kwiindawo zoshishino, kufuneka umoya ococekileyo uthintele ukuphefumla umphunga we-propylene glycol, njengoko ukuphefumla okuphezulu kunokubangela ukungakhululeki kokuphefumla.

Iingozi zoMlilo kunye nokuqhuma: I-Propylene glycol iyatsha, nangona inendawo yokutsha ephezulu. Umphunga wayo unokwenza imixube eqhumayo nomoya phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Iindawo zokugcina nezokuphatha kufuneka zigcinwe kude namalangatye avulekileyo, iintlantsi, kunye neminye imithombo yokutsha. Izikhongozeli zokugcina ezingatshiyo umlilo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokucinywa komlilo kufuneka zifumaneke kwiindawo apho i-propylene glycol igcinwa okanye isetyenziswa khona.
Impembelelo kwiNdalo: Nangona i-propylene glycol ibola, ukukhutshwa okukhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo, ingakumbi emanzini, kusenokuba nempembelelo. Kwiinkqubo zasemanzini, ingatya ioksijini njengoko ibola, nto leyo enokuchaphazela ubomi basemanzini. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kubekho amanyathelo olawulo olufanelekileyo lwenkunkuma kunye nokuthintela ukukhutshwa okungalawulwayo kwe-propylene glycol kwindalo esingqongileyo.

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