Ihydrogen peroxide
Isishwankathelo seMveliso
Igama leKhemikhali: I-Hydrogen Peroxide
Inombolo ye-CAS: 7722-84-1
Ifomula yeMolekyuli: H₂O₂
Ubunzima beMolekyuli: 34.01 g/mol
Inkangeleko: Ulwelo olungenambala, olucacileyo, olungenavumba (ubuninzi obuphantsi) ukuya kulwelo oluqinileyo kancinci (ubuninzi obuphezulu)
Iingqinisiso eziqhelekileyo: 3% (yasekhaya/yezonyango), 30% (yemizi-mveliso), 50-70% (yemizi-mveliso ecocekileyo kakhulu)
I-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sisixhobo esinamandla kodwa esinokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo sokuxovula esaziwa ngokukwazi kwayo ukubola emanzini (H₂O) kunye neoksijini (O₂) — ingashiyi ntsalela inobungozi. Olu phawu lunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kunye neempawu zalo ezinamandla zokuxovula, luyenza ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kumacandelo asekhaya, ezonyango, emizi-mveliso, nakwezolimo. Ifumaneka kumanqanaba alungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokusetyenziswa, ukusuka ekunyamekelweni kwamanxeba okuthambileyo ukuya ekucutshungulweni kwemizi-mveliso okunzima.
Iipropati eziphambili kunye neenzuzo
| Ipropati | Inkcazo | Inzuzo engundoqo |
| Ubungakanani bokuXilisa | 1.77 V (i-electrode potential eqhelekileyo) | Iqhekeza ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo/ezingaphiliyo; ibulala iintsholongwane (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iifungi) |
| Ukunyibilika | Ixutywa namanzi kuzo zonke izilinganiso | Kulula ukuyixuba ukuya kumanqanaba afunekayo; iyahambelana neefomyula zamanzi |
| Indlela Yokubola | Izinzile kubushushu begumbi (xa igcinwe kakuhle); ibola ngobushushu/ukukhanya/ii-catalysts (umz., i-MnO₂) | Ikhupha ioksijini ukuze kuvuleke umoya (umz., unyango lwamanzi amdaka) ngaphandle kwemveliso ezinobungozi |
| i-pH (30% Isisombululo) | ~4.0 (ineasidi encinci) | Inciphisa ukugqwala kwezinto ezihambelanayo; iphucula uzinzo ngexesha lokugcina |
| Ubumsulwa (Udidi lwezeMveliso) | ≥99.5% (ngaphandle kwamanzi; umxholo wesinyithi esinzima ophantsi: ≤5 ppm Pb) | Iqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo; ithintela ukungcola okuphazamisa iinkqubo |
Iipropati eziphambili kunye neenzuzo
Ipropati
Inkcazo
Inzuzo engundoqo
Amandla okuOxidiza
1.77 V (i-electrode potential eqhelekileyo)
Iqhekeza ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo/ezingaphiliyo; ibulala iintsholongwane (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iifungi)
Ukunyibilika
Ixutywa namanzi kuzo zonke izilinganiso
Kulula ukuyixuba ukuya kumanqanaba afunekayo; iyahambelana neefomyula zamanzi
Indlela Yokuqhekeka
Izinzile kubushushu begumbi (xa igcinwe kakuhle); iyabola ngobushushu/ukukhanya/ii-catalysts (umz., i-MnO₂)
Ikhupha ioksijini ukuze kuvuleke umoya (umz., unyango lwamanzi amdaka) ngaphandle kwemveliso ezinobungozi
i-pH (30% yesisombululo)
~4.0 (ineasidi encinci)
Inciphisa ukugqwala kwezinto ezihambelanayo; iphucula uzinzo ngexesha lokugcina
Ubumsulwa (Udidi lwezeMveliso)
≥99.5% (ngaphandle kwamanzi; umxholo wesinyithi esinzima ophantsi: ≤5 ppm Pb)
Iqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo; ithintela ukungcola okuphazamisa iinkqubo
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo
Ukukwazi ukuguquguquka kwe-H₂O₂ kuyenza ibe yimfuneko kumashishini ahlukeneyo, apho ugxininiso lulawula ukusetyenziswa kwayo:
3.1 Ezonyango kunye noNyango (3-6% Uxinzelelo)
Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwinxeba: Isisombululo se-3% sisetyenziswa kakhulu ukucoca amanxeba amancinci, imikrwelo, kunye nokutsha — ukuxovula iintsholongwane ngelixa senza umqobo wokukhusela usulelo.
Ucoceko Lomlomo: Longezwa kwiindawo zokuhlamba umlomo ukunciphisa i-plaque, ukubulala iintsholongwane eziphefumla kakubi, kunye nokwenza amazinyo abe mhlophe (kwiifomyula ezilawulwayo).
Ukucoca Izixhobo Zonyango: Izisombululo ezisebenzisa uxilongo oluphantsi zibulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo ezingangenisi ntsholongwane (umz., ii-thermometers, izixhobo zamazinyo) ngaphandle kokonakalisa iindawo.
3.2 Iimpahla Zasekhaya Nezabathengi (3-10% Uxinzelelo)
Ukuhlanjwa kwempahla: Indlela ethambileyo yokuhlanjwa kwempahla endaweni ye-chlorine bleach; mhlophe amalaphu (umqhaphu, ilinen) kwaye kususwe amabala aphilayo (ikofu, iti, igazi) ngaphandle kokutshintsha imibala.
Ukucoca Umphezulu: Kubulala iintsholongwane kwiikhawuntara zasekhitshini, izixhobo zangasese, kunye nemigangatho — kusebenza kakuhle ekulweni nokungunda, ukungunda, kunye neebhaktheriya ezifumaneka ekutyeni (umz., i-E. coli, i-Salmonella).
Ukhathalelo lweenwele: Isetyenziswa kwi-bleach yeenwele (uxinzelelo lwe-6-10%) ukuze kukhanye iinwele ngokukhupha i-melanin.
3.3 Ukucubungula kwimizi-mveliso (30-70% Uxinzelelo)
Ukufunxa iphepha kunye nePulp: Eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso — i-30-50% H₂O₂ yenza ipulp yomthi ibe mhlophe ukuze ifumane iphepha elisemgangathweni ophezulu (umz., izicubu, iphepha lokuprinta) ngaphandle kweemveliso ezinobungozi ze-chlorine.
Ukwenziwa kweLaphu: I-bleach yendalo (ikotoni, uboya) kunye neefayibha ezenziweyo (i-polyester); iphucula ubumhlophe belaphu kunye nombala ohlala uqinile ngaphambi kokuba idayiwe.
Unyango lwamanzi amdaka: Luqhekeza ungcoliseko lwezinto eziphilayo (ii-phenols, iidayi, ii-cyanides) kwaye lunciphisa amanqanaba e-COD/BOD; lukhupha ioksijini ukuze luphucule umsebenzi weebhaktheriya ze-aerobic.
Izixhobo ze-elektroniki: I-H₂O₂ ecocekileyo kakhulu (70%) icoca ii-wafers ze-semiconductor — isusa ii-oxides zomphezulu kunye nongcoliseko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-chip.
3.4 Ezolimo (10-30% Uxinzelelo)
Ukucoca Umhlaba: Izisombululo ezixutyiweyo zibulala iintsholongwane ezithwalwa ngumhlaba, ii-nematodes, kunye nembewu yokhula; ukukhutshwa kweoksijini kuphucula umoya womhlaba ukuze kukhule iingcambu.
Ukukhuselwa kweZityalo: Izitshizi ezingaxinanisi kakhulu zonyusa ukumelana kwezityalo nezifo zefungus (umz., i-powdery mildew) kwaye zisebenza njengesikhuthazi sendalo sokukhula.
Ukhuseleko kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho
4.1 Izikhokelo Zokuphatha
Izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu (PPE): Ukuba zinomlinganiselo ongaphezulu kwama-30%, nxiba iiglavu ezinganyangekiyo ngamakhemikhali (i-nitrile), iiglasi zokhuseleko, kunye nejakethi yelebhu — kuphephe ukudibana nolusu/namehlo (kunokubangela ukutsha).
Indawo yokugcina: Gcina kwindawo epholileyo, emnyama, nengenamoya; sebenzisa izikhongozeli ze-HDPE okanye zeglasi ezingacacanga (ukukhanya kuyakhawulezisa ukubola). Yahlula kwizinto ezinamafutha, ii-asidi, kunye neentsimbi (umz., isinyithi, ubhedu) ukuthintela ukusabela ngengozi.
Uncedo Lokuqala: Ukuba idibene, hlambulula ulusu/amehlo ngamanzi abandayo kangangemizuzu eli-15 nangaphezulu; ukuginywa kufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
4.2 Ukuthobela iMithetho
I-FDA (e-US): Ivunyiwe ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo zokunxibelelana nokutya (umz., izixhobo zokucoca ukutya) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezonyango ngaphandle kwekhawuntara (i-OTC) (izisombululo zokunyamekela amanxeba ezi-3%).
I-REACH (EU): Ibhaliswe phantsi kwe-REACH; ithobela imiqathango yokungcola kwesinyithi esinzima ekusetyenzisweni kwimizi-mveliso nakubathengi.
I-OSHA (e-US): Umda wokuvezwa emsebenzini (OEL) umiselwe kwi-1 ppm (ii-TWA ezisi-8-iiyure) ukukhusela abasebenzi abajongene noxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Imigangatho ye-ISO: I-H₂O₂ yethu yodidi lweshishini ihlangabezana ne-ISO 8413 (iinkcukacha ze-hydrogen peroxide) kunye ne-ISO 9001 (ulawulo lomgangatho).
Iimbalasane zePhepha leDatha yoBugcisa (i-TDS)
| Ipharamitha | I-3% yeBanga lezonyango | Ibanga leShishini le-30% | Indlela yoVavanyo |
| Uvavanyo (Umxholo we-H₂O₂) | 2.5 - 3.5% | 29.0 - 31.0% | Ubungakanani bePotassium permanganate |
| Umxholo weSinyithi esinzima (Pb) | ≤1 ppm | ≤5 ppm | I-Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) |
| I-Asidi yasimahla (njenge-H₂SO₄) | ≤0.02% | ≤0.04% | Ubungakanani beSodium hydroxide |
| Uxinano (20°C) | 1.01 g/cm³ | 1.11 g/cm³ | I-Hydrometer/i-densitometer |
| Uzinzo (iinyanga ezi-6) | Ukugcinwa kwe-≥95% | Ukugcinwa kwe-≥90% | Ukugcina kwi-25°C (imeko emnyama) |
Kutheni Ukhetha I-Hydrogen Peroxide Yethu?
Uxinzelelo Olulungiselelweyo: Sinikezela ngamanqaku e-3% (ezonyango/ekhaya), ama-30% (emizi-mveliso), kunye nama-50-70% (acocekileyo kakhulu) ukuze ahambelane neemfuno zakho.
Iifomyula ezicocekileyo kakhulu: Amanqanaba aphantsi esinyithi esinzima kunye nokungcola aqinisekisa ukuhambelana neenkqubo ezinobuthathaka (umz., izixhobo ze-elektroniki, amayeza).
Ubonelelo Oluzinzileyo: Izixhobo zethu zemveliso (umthamo wonyaka: iitoni ezili-100,000) ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiiodolo ezinkulu nezincinci.
Ilungele ukusingqongileyo: Ibola ibe ngamanzi kunye neoksijini — ixhasa iinjongo zokuzinza (umz., ukutshintsha iikhemikhali ezisekwe kwikhlorini).
Inkxaso yoBugcisa: Iqela lethu leengcali zekhemistri libonelela ngesikhokelo malunga nokuxutywa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusetyenziswa.
Qhagamshelana nathi
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