Umxube Onciphisa Amanzi Okusebenza Kakhulu: Ukuphucula Ukusebenza Kwekhonkrithi Kwizakhiwo Eziluhlaza
IiNdawo eziPhambili zeSicelo
Ii-admixtures ezinciphisa amanzi kakuhle (ezifana nee-admixtures ezisekelwe kwi-polycarboxylate) zimele uhlobo oluphambili lwee-arhente zokunciphisa amanzi ezikhoyo kwimarike. Zisebenza ngokwenza umaleko wokusasazeka phezu kwamasuntswana esamente, zithintela ukuhlanganiswa kwamasuntswana esamente kwaye ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkrithi. Esi siphumo sokusasazeka asinciphisi nje kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kodwa sikwanyusa uxinano kunye namandla ekhonkrithi. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-admixtures zendabuko zokunciphisa amanzi, iinguqulelo ezisebenzayo kakhulu zibonelela ngamazinga aphezulu okunciphisa amanzi (ngesiqhelo ngama-25%-40%) kunye neemfuno eziphantsi zedosi (ngesiqhelo yi-0.1%-0.3% yenani lilonke lezinto ezisebenzisa i-samente), kunye nempembelelo encinci kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Kwiiprojekthi zokwakha, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezixutyiweyo ezinciphisa amanzi kunokunyusa kakhulu amandla okucinezelwa kunye nokumelana namanzi kwekhonkrithi, kwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezakhiwo. Umzekelo, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunye neebhulorho ezinkulu, izinto ezixutyiweyo ezinciphisa amanzi ngokufanelekileyo ziqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kwekhonkrithi phantsi kweemfuno ezinamandla aphezulu, nto leyo eququzelela imisebenzi yokwakha. Ukongeza, izinto ezixutyiweyo ezinciphisa amanzi zinokunciphisa ukopha kunye nokwahlukana kwekhonkrithi, ziphucule ukufana kwayo kunye nokuhambelana kwayo.
Kwicandelo lokwakha okuluhlaza, iimpawu zokusingqongileyo zezinto ezincitshiswa ngamanzi zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezincitshiswa ngamanzi ezinokusetyenziswa kakuhle kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesamente, ngaloo ndlela kunciphise ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zinto zincitshiswayo zinokuphucula ukuqina kwekhonkrithi, zinciphise iindleko zokulungisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kwizakhiwo. Uninzi lwezinto ezincitshiswa ngamanzi ezinokusetyenziswa kakuhle lufumene iziqinisekiso zendalo zamazwe ngamazwe, ezihambelana neenjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo lokwakha okuluhlaza.
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yokwakha, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinciphisa amanzi kuyanda. Umzekelo, kwikhonkrithi esebenza kakhulu (HPC) nakwikhonkrithi eziziqinisayo (SCC), izinto ezinciphisa amanzi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo eziqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkrithi iyazilinganisa phantsi kweemeko zoxinano olukhulu namandla. Ukongeza, izinto ezinciphisa amanzi zingasetyenziswa kunye nezinye izinto ezidibanisa amanzi (ezifana nee-retarders kunye nee-air-entraining agents) ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi iimpawu zekhonkrithi.
Kwiiprojekthi zokwakha, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezixutyiweyo ezinciphisa amanzi kunokunyusa kakhulu amandla okucinezelwa kunye nokumelana namanzi kwekhonkrithi, kwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezakhiwo. Umzekelo, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunye neebhulorho ezinkulu, izinto ezixutyiweyo ezinciphisa amanzi ngokufanelekileyo ziqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kwekhonkrithi phantsi kweemfuno ezinamandla aphezulu, nto leyo eququzelela imisebenzi yokwakha. Ukongeza, izinto ezixutyiweyo ezinciphisa amanzi zinokunciphisa ukopha kunye nokwahlukana kwekhonkrithi, ziphucule ukufana kwayo kunye nokuhambelana kwayo.
Kwicandelo lokwakha okuluhlaza, iimpawu zokusingqongileyo zezinto ezincitshiswa ngamanzi zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezincitshiswa ngamanzi ezinokusetyenziswa kakuhle kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesamente, ngaloo ndlela kunciphise ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zinto zincitshiswayo zinokuphucula ukuqina kwekhonkrithi, zinciphise iindleko zokulungisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kwizakhiwo. Uninzi lwezinto ezincitshiswa ngamanzi ezinokusetyenziswa kakuhle lufumene iziqinisekiso zendalo zamazwe ngamazwe, ezihambelana neenjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo lokwakha okuluhlaza.
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yokwakha, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinciphisa amanzi kuyanda. Umzekelo, kwikhonkrithi esebenza kakhulu (HPC) nakwikhonkrithi eziziqinisayo (SCC), izinto ezinciphisa amanzi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo eziqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkrithi iyazilinganisa phantsi kweemeko zoxinano olukhulu namandla. Ukongeza, izinto ezinciphisa amanzi zingasetyenziswa kunye nezinye izinto ezidibanisa amanzi (ezifana nee-retarders kunye nee-air-entraining agents) ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi iimpawu zekhonkrithi.
Iinkcukacha
| Igama lemveliso | I-Sodium Naphthalene Sulphonate Formaldehyde (SNF/PNS/FDN/NSF) | |||||||||
| Amanye Amagama | I-Poly Naphthalene Sulfonate | |||||||||
| I-Naphthalene Formaldehyde eneSulphonated | ||||||||||
| I-Superplasticizer esekwe kwiNaphthalene | ||||||||||
| Umxholo weSodium Sulphate | 5% 10% 18% | |||||||||
| Inkangeleko | Umgubo omdaka okhanyayo | |||||||||
| Ukupakisha | Ingxowa ye-25KG | |||||||||
| INOMBOLO YE-CAS | 36290-04-7 | |||||||||
| Ikhowudi ye-HS | 38244010 | |||||||||
| Ubungakanani | 14-15MTS ye-20'FCL | |||||||||
| Isicelo | Umxube wekhonkrithi, uphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi | |||||||||
Iphepha Lolawulo Lomgangatho
| IZINTO | I-SNF-A | I-SNF-B | I-SNF-C | ||||
| Umxholo oqinileyo ≥ | 92% | 92% | 92% | ||||
| Ixabiso le-PH | 7-9 | 7-9 | 7-9 | ||||
| Umxholo weChlorides ≤ | 0.30% | 0.40% | 0.50% | ||||
| Umxholo weSodium Sulfate ≤ | 5% | 10% | 18% | ||||
| I-Net Starch Fluidity (mm) ≥ | 250 | 240 | 230 | ||||
| Izinga eliphezulu lokunciphisa amanzi (%) | 26 | 25 | 23 |
Isishwankathelo
Izinto ezixutywayo ezinciphisa amanzi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kubuchwepheshe bekhonkrithi yanamhlanje. Aziphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi kodwa zikwaxhasa ulwakhiwo oluluhlaza kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji, amathuba okusetyenziswa kwezinto ezixutywayo ezinciphisa amanzi aya kuba maninzi nangakumbi.