IGlyphosate: Ikhemikhali yezolimo esetyenziswa kakhulu nebalulekileyo
IiNdawo eziPhambili zeSicelo
Kwezolimo, i-glyphosate sisibulali-zinambuzane esiyintloko. Isebenza ngokuthintela i-enzyme ye-5 - enolpyruvylshikimate - 3 - phosphate synthase (EPSPS) kwizityalo. Le enzyme ibalulekile ekwenziweni kwee-aromatic amino acids, ezibalulekileyo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwezityalo. Ngokuthintela le enzyme, i-glyphosate iphazamisa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zemetabolism yokhula, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubuneni nasekufeni kwazo kancinci kancinci. Indlela esebenza ngayo ivumela ukuba ifunxwe ngamagqabi kwaye ithuthwe kwisityalo sonke, ibulale ngempumelelo zombini iindawo ezingentla zomhlaba nezingaphantsi komhlaba zokhula, kuquka neengcambu. Oku kuyenza isebenze kakhulu ekulawuleni ukhula oluhlala ixesha elide olunokuba nzima ukulususa.
I-Glyphosate iyahambelana neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo. Kwizityalo eziguqulwe ngokwezakhi zofuzo (GM) ezenzelwe ukuba zikwazi ukumelana ne-glyphosate, ezifana neembotyi zesoya, umbona, kunye nomqhaphu, inokutshizwa ngqo phezu kwezityalo ezikhulayo ukulawula ukhula ngaphandle kokulimaza isityalo ngokwaso. Oku kutshintshe iindlela zokulima, okuvumela ulawulo lokhula olusebenzayo nolukhulu, kunciphisa imfuneko yokulinywa ngoomatshini kunye nokunciphisa ukukhukuliseka komhlaba. Ukongeza, kwizityalo ezingezizo eze-GM, i-glyphosate ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukhula ngaphambi kokutyala okanye emva kokuvuna, ukulungiselela umhlaba ukuba uhlwayelwe okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezivuniweyo zihlala zingenakhula.
Ngaphandle kwezolimo, i-glyphosate ikwasetyenziswa nakwiindawo ezingezizo izityalo. Isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukhula kwiindawo zoshishino, iindlela, ii-embankments zikaloliwe, kunye neendawo ezijikeleze izixhobo zokusebenza. Ngokugcina ezi ndawo zingenazo izityalo ezingafunekiyo, inceda ekugcineni iziseko zophuhliso, inciphisa iingozi zomlilo, kwaye iphucula ukhuseleko.
Nangona ineenzuzo ezininzi, i-glyphosate ibingumxholo wempikiswano. Kuye kwaphakanyiswa iinkxalabo malunga nempembelelo yayo kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu. Ezinye izifundo zibonise unxibelelwano olunokwenzeka kwimiba ethile yezempilo, nangona isivumelwano sesayensi ngale miba sisahlukene. Ngenxa yoko, amagunya olawulo kwihlabathi liphela aye ajonga ngokusondeleyo ukusetyenziswa kwayo, esebenzisa imithetho engqongqo malunga namaxabiso okusetyenziswa kwayo, amanyathelo okhuseleko, kunye neemfuno zokulebhelisha.
Kwindawo yokugcina, i-glyphosate kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo, kude nelanga elithe ngqo kunye nezinto ezingahambelaniyo. Xa usebenzisa i-glyphosate, kufuneka unxibe izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo, ezifana neeglavu, iiglasi zokukhusela, kunye nempahla yokukhusela, ukuze uthintele ukuvezwa. Ukongeza, ukulahla ngokufanelekileyo nayiphi na imveliso engasetyenziswanga okanye ukupakisha kubalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.
Iinkcukacha
| Igama lemveliso | I-Glyphosate | |||||||||
| Ifomula yeKhemikhali | C₃H₈NO₅P | |||||||||
| Ubunzima beMolekyuli | 169.07 | |||||||||
| Inkangeleko | iipowder ezimhlophe | |||||||||
| Indawo yokunyibilika | 230°C | |||||||||
| Uxinano | 1.747 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| INOMBOLO YE-CAS | 1071 - 83 - 6 | |||||||||
| Ikhowudi ye-HS | 29319000.9 | |||||||||
| Hayi i-EINECS | 213 - 997 - 4 | |||||||||
| Isicelo | Ulawulo lokhula kwezolimo, ulawulo lokhula emhlabeni ongalinywanga | |||||||||
Iphepha Lolawulo Lomgangatho
| Igama lemveliso | I-Glyphosate | ||||||
| INTO | IXABISO ELIQHELEKILEYO(%) | IXABISO LOVAVANYO(%) | |||||
| Inxalenye yobunzima beGlyphosate % | ≥95.0 | 95.60% | |||||
| Iqhekeza lobunzima be-Formaldehyde g/kg | ≤1.2 | 0.2 | |||||
| I-sodium hydroxide into enganyibilikiyo g/kg | ≤0.2 | 0.1 | |||||
| Inxalenye yobunzima beNitrosoglyphosate mg/kg | ≤1.0 | 0.30% | |||||
Isishwankathelo
Ngamafutshane, i-glyphosate, nangona kukho iingxoxo eziqhubekayo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo, isalokhu iyikhemikhali ebalulekileyo kwezolimo zanamhlanje kunye nolawulo lokhula olungelulo olwezityalo. Ukusebenza kwayo kakuhle, ukuguquguquka kwayo, kunye nempembelelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezolimo kuye kwenza ukuba ibe negalelo elikhulu kwimveliso yokutya yehlabathi. Njengoko uphando luqhubeka kwaye imithetho itshintsha, ikamva le-glyphosate lisenokubandakanya ulungelelwaniso phakathi kweenzuzo zayo kunye nemizamo yokujongana neenkxalabo ezinxulumene noko.