I-Bisphenol A (BPA): Umakhi oyintloko wezixhobo zokusebenza eziphezulu
Uhlalutyo olujulileyo lweePropathi zePhysicochemical eziSisiseko
Ulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo lweeMolekyuli: Imolekyuli ye-BPA yenziwe ngamaqela amabini e-phenolic hydroxyl adityaniswe ne-skeleton ye-propane. Olu lwakhiwo luyinika umsebenzi okhethekileyo weekhemikhali. Amaqela amabini e-phenolic hydroxyl anika i-BPA i-nucleophilicity enamandla, okwenza ukuba ikwazi ukusabela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhompawundi. Kwangaxeshanye, i-propane skeleton inika imolekyuli inqanaba elithile lokuqina kunye nokuthintela i-steric, nto leyo echaphazela ukukhetha kunye nomsebenzi we-BPA kwiimpendulo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali.
Iimpawu Zomzimba: I-BPA ineqondo lokunyibilika eliyi-158 - 159°C, iqondo lokubila elifikelela kwi-400.8°C, kunye noxinano olumalunga ne-1.195g/cm³. Amanqanaba ayo aphezulu okunyibilika nokubila aqinisekisa uzinzo lwayo phantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo, ngelixa uxinano lwayo olufanelekileyo ludlala indima kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa ezifuna uxinano oluthile lwezinto, njengokulungiselela iiplastiki ezithile kunye neeresini, apho iimpawu zoxinano lwe-BPA zinokuchaphazela iipropati zomzimba kunye nokucutshungulwa kweemveliso zokugqibela. Inyibilika kancinci kwi-carbon tetrachloride, ayinyibiliki emanzini, kodwa iyanyibilika kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinyibilikisi eziqhelekileyo ze-organic, kwaye olu phawu lokunyibilika lumisela umsebenzi wayo wokusabela kunye neendlela zokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zesinyibilikisi.
Ifomu yoHlolo loMgangatho weBisphenol A
| Uhlalutyo | Iyunithi | Inkcazo | Isiphumo | Indlela yoVavanyo |
| Inkangeleko | / | I-granular emhlophe okanye eqhekekileyo, Ngaphandle kokungcola koomatshini | I-granular emhlophe, Ngaphandle kokungcola koomatshini | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| IBisphenol A | Ngaphakathi/% | ≥99.85 | 99.925 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| I-Phenol | Ngaphakathi/% | ≤0.005 | 0.001 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| 2,4-Isomer | Ngaphakathi/% | ≤0.050 | 0.01 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Inqaku leCrystalline | °C | ≥156.6 | 157.2 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| I-Chroma Enyibilikisiweyo | Umbala, iPt-Co (iYunithi yeHazen) | ≤20 | 10 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Isisombululo seChroma | Umbala, iPt-Co (iYunithi yeHazen) | / | 5 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Ukufuma | Ngaphakathi/% | ≤0.08 | 0.02 | GB/T 6283-2008 |
Izicelo eziphambili kwiinkalo ezininzi
Ukwenziwa kwePlastiki kunye neResin:
Imveliso yePolycarbonate (PC): I-BPA yeyona nto iphambili yokwenza i-polycarbonate (PC). I-Polycarbonate ivelele kwiindawo ezininzi ngenxa yokucaca kwayo okugqwesileyo (ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okungaphezulu kwe-90%), ukumelana okuphezulu (okuphindwe kabini kuneglasi eqhelekileyo), ukuzinza okuhle kobukhulu, kunye nokumelana nobushushu (ubushushu obuguquguqukayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-130 - 140°C). Kwishishini le-elektroniki kunye nombane, i-PC isetyenziswa kakhulu ukwenza iibhokisi zeekhompyutha, iifowuni eziphathwayo, kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-elektroniki, ezingaboneleli kuphela ngokhuseleko oluthembekileyo lwezixhobo ezichanekileyo zangaphakathi kodwa zikwaphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike lweemveliso ngenxa yembonakalo yazo entle kunye nobume obuhle. Kwishishini leemoto, i-PC isetyenziselwa ukwenza izigqubuthelo zezibane zemoto, iiphaneli zezixhobo, kunye nezinye izinto. Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okuphezulu kwezigqubuthelo zezibane zentloko kuqinisekisa ukukhanya kokuqhuba ebusuku, ngelixa ukuzinza kobukhulu beephaneli zezixhobo kuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuchanekileyo kunye nokuthembeka kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwezixhobo. Kwicandelo lokwakha, iiphaneli zelanga ezenziwe ngePC, iikhanopi zokukhanyisa, kunye nezinye iimveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke ezifana neevenkile ezinkulu kunye neenkundla zemidlalo ngenxa yokumelana kwazo kakuhle nokuchaphazeleka kunye nokuhanjiswa kokukhanya, okudala iindawo ezikhanyayo nezikhuselekileyo zangaphakathi.
Ukwenziwa kwe-Epoxy Resin: I-BPA ikwayindlela ephambili yokulungiselela ii-epoxy resin. Ii-epoxy resin zinamathela kakuhle kwaye zinokubopha ngokuqinileyo izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana neentsimbi, umthi, kunye neglasi, ngoko ke zithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lokuncamathelisa. Kwishishini leenqwelo-moya, ii-adhesives ezisekelwe kwi-epoxy zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izinto zesakhiwo seenqwelo-moya ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwesakhiwo seenqwelo-moya phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zokubhabha. Kwangaxeshanye, ii-epoxy resin zinokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zokugquma kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokupakisha ze-elektroniki kunye neengubo. Umzekelo, iibhodi zesekethe kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki zihlala zigqunywe ngee-epoxy resin ukukhusela izinto ze-elektroniki ekukhukulisekeni kwendalo yangaphandle kunye nokuphucula uzinzo kunye nobomi benkonzo yezixhobo ze-elektroniki. Kwicala lokugquma, ii-epoxy resin coatings zisetyenziselwa ukhuseleko lomphezulu wesinyithi, ezinokumelana ngempumelelo nokugqwala kwezinto zeekhemikhali ezifana nee-asidi kunye ne-alkalis kwaye zandise ubomi benkonzo yeemveliso zesinyithi.
Ezinye izicelo zeekhemikhali ezintle:
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye: Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezifana ne-tetrabromobisphenol A zinokwenziwa kwi-BPA. Ukongezwa kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye kubaluleke kakhulu kumashishini afana neemveliso zeplastiki kunye nempahla. Kwiimveliso zeplastiki, izinto ezithintela ilangatye zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukutsha kwezinto. Xa zibekwe kwindawo yomlilo, igesi ebolileyo engatshiyo okanye umaleko we-carbonaceous owenziweyo oveliswa zizinto ezithintela ilangatye unokuthintela ukudluliselwa kweoksijini kunye nobushushu kwaye uthintele ukusasazeka kokutsha. Umzekelo, ukongeza izinto ezithintela ilangatye kwiibhokisi zeplastiki zeemveliso ze-elektroniki nezombane kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko womlilo kwaye kukhusele ubomi babantu kunye nepropathi. Kwiimpahla, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithintela ilangatye kunokwenza impahla ingatshi xa idibana nomthombo womlilo kwaye kunciphise umonakalo obangelwa kukutsha kwempahla emlilweni.
Ii-Antioxidants kunye nee-Heat Stabilizers: I-BPA ingasetyenziswa njenge-antioxidant kunye ne-heat stabilizer kwezinye iimveliso zeplastiki nezerabha. Ngexesha lokucubungula iiplastiki, izinto ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-oksijini zikhokelela ngokulula ekwaluphaleni nasekuwohlokeni kweplastiki, zichaphazela ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nobomi benkonzo. Njenge-antioxidant, i-BPA inokubamba ii-free radicals kwinkqubo yeplastiki, ithintele ukudluliselwa kwe-chain ye-oxidation reactions, kwaye ilibazise inkqubo yokuguga kweeplastiki. Kwangaxeshanye, njenge-heat stabilizer, i-BPA inokuphucula uzinzo lweeplastiki kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kwaye ithintele iiplastiki ekuboleni, ekutshintsheni umbala, kunye nezinye iingxaki ngexesha lokucubungula okanye ukusebenzisa. Kwimveliso zerabha, i-BPA inokudlala indima efanayo, iphucula uxhathiso lokuguga kwerabha kunye ne-oxygen kwaye yandise ubomi benkonzo yeemveliso zerabha ezifana namatayara eemoto kunye nezitywini zerabha.
Iimpikiswano zoKhuseleko kunye neempendulo kwiShishini
Ukuhlola iiNgozi zeMpilo: I-BPA inomlinganiselo othile wetyhefu ephantsi kwaye inokufuduka kwaye itshintshe kwindawo engqongileyo nasemzimbeni womntu. Inani elikhulu lezifundo libonise ukuba i-BPA ineziphumo ezifana ne-estrogen kwaye inokuphazamisana nenkqubo ye-endocrine yomntu. Ingakumbi kwiintsana, uphuhliso lwenkqubo yazo yokuzala lunokuchaphazeleka, okukhokelela kwizifo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokuzala. Kwangaxeshanye, i-BPA inokubangela ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin, okukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo ezifana neswekile ephezulu yegazi kunye nokutyeba kakhulu. Ezinye iimvavanyo zezilwanyana zibonise ukuba izilwanyana zovavanyo ezivezwe kwi-BPA ixesha elide zinophuhliso olungaqhelekanga lwamalungu okuzala kunye notshintsho lokuziphatha. Nangona uphando ngempembelelo ye-BPA kwimpilo yabantu lusaqhubeka, amazwe amaninzi athathe amanyathelo okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-BPA kwiimveliso ezithile ngenxa yenkxalabo malunga neengozi zempilo.
Amanyathelo oShishino kunye noPhuhliso lokuthobela imithetho: Ngenxa yeengxabano zokhuseleko ze-BPA, amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla kwihlabathi liphela ziye zazisa imigaqo efanelekileyo yokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ngo-2011, uMphathiswa wezeMpilo waseTshayina kunye namanye amasebe amathandathu akhuphe umthetho wokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwe-BPA ekuveliseni, ekungeniseni, nasekuthengiseni iibhotile zobisi lweentsana. Amazwe kunye nemimandla efana ne-United States, iKhanada, kunye ne-European Union nazo ziye zathintela ukusetyenziswa kwe-BPA ekupakisheni ukutya, iimveliso zeentsana, kunye neminye imimandla. Ngokujongene nezi mfuno zomthetho, eli shishini lihlola ngokukhutheleyo ezinye iindlela ezingasetyenziswa yi-BPA, ezifana ne-bisphenol S (BPS) kunye ne-diphenyl sulfone. Kwangaxeshanye, amashishini emveliso aqhubeka nokuphucula iinkqubo zemveliso kwaye aqinisa ulawulo lomgangatho ukunciphisa inani lokufuduka kwe-BPA kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokulawula engqongqo ngakumbi kunye neemfuno zabathengi zokhuseleko lwemveliso ngesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemveliso. Kwinkqubo yemveliso ye-polycarbonate kunye ne-epoxy resins, amashishini aphucula izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-BPA kwaye anciphise i-BPA eseleyo engaphendulwanga kwiimveliso ngokuphucula iimeko zokusabela kunye nokwenza ngcono iinkqubo ze-catalyst.
Iinkcukacha
| Igama lemveliso | IBisphenol A | |||||||||
| Ifomula yeKhemikhali | C₁₅H₁₆O₂ | |||||||||
| Ubunzima beMolekyuli | 228.29 g/mol | |||||||||
| Inkangeleko | Umgubo omhlophe wekristale | |||||||||
| Indawo yokunyibilika | 155–158°C | |||||||||
| Indawo yokubilisa | 250–252°C | |||||||||
| INOMBOLO YE-CAS | 80-05-7 | |||||||||
| Ikhowudi ye-HS | 29072990 | |||||||||
| Hayi i-EINECS | 201-240-4 | |||||||||
| Isicelo | Idibanisa izinto ezigcina iplastiki, izinto ezithintela ilangatye, amayeza; isetyenziswa kwiingubo/kwizinto zokuncamathelisa. | |||||||||
Iphepha Lolawulo Lomgangatho
| Igama lemveliso | IBisphenol A | ||||||
| INTO | IXABISO ELIQHELEKILEYO(%) | IXABISO LOVAVANYO(%) | |||||
| I-Bisphenol A Purity wt. | Ubuncinane be-99.85 | 99.93 | |||||
| Umbala we-APHA | Ubuninzi 5 | 5 | |||||
| I-Phenol mg/kg | Ubuninzi be-100 | 56 | |||||
| I-phenol wt. % yasimahla | Ubuninzi be-1000 | 230 | |||||
| Ubunzima bamanzi % | Ubuninzi 0.1 | 0.03 | |||||
| Uthuthu mg/kg | Ubuninzi 5 | 0 | |||||
| I-iron mg/kg | Ubuninzi 0.1 | 0.03 | |||||
Kutheni Ukhetha i-BPA Yethu?
Sizimisele ukubonelela ngeemveliso ze-BPA ezikumgangatho ophezulu nezizinzileyo. Lonke unxibelelwano ukusuka ekuthengweni kwezinto eziluhlaza ukuya kwimveliso kunye nokucutshungulwa lulandela iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokulawula umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zicocekile kakhulu, zincinci izinto ezingcolileyo, kwaye zonke izalathisi zihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yeshishini. Sineqela leengcali ze-R & D elinokubonelela ngezisombululo ezenzelwe wena ngokweemfuno zabathengi ezahlukeneyo ukunceda abathengi bafezekise ubuchule kunye nophuhliso kwiinkalo ezifana neplastiki, ii-resin, kunye neekhemikhali ezintle. Kwangaxeshanye, sinamandla olawulo lwekhonkco lokubonelela ngeenkonzo ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kweemveliso ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangokuzinzileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso ezinkulu zabathengi. Kwimvelaphi yeshishini leengxabano zokhuseleko ze-BPA, sinikela ingqalelo ngamandla kwiindlela zomthetho, sihlala sityala imali kwizixhobo ze-R & D, kwaye sikhuthaza ukuphuculwa okuluhlaza nokukhuselekileyo kweenkqubo zemveliso ukuze sinike abathengi iimveliso ezihambelanayo nezithembekileyo.
Khetha i-BPA yethu, dibanani ngezandla ukuze niphumelele ngokuqhubekayo kwicandelo lezixhobo ezisebenza kakuhle, nijongane nemingeni, kwaye nidale ixabiso elikhulu.